WalletConnect

The BCH WalletConnect spec lays out a BCH-specific API for how Bitcoin Cash dapps can communicate to BCH Wallets. BCH WalletConnect uses the generic 'WalletConnect' transport layer but the contents being communicated is what's BCH-specific. The standard was designed with CashScript smart contract usage in mind.

The BCH WalletConnect standard is supported in multiple wallets and a wide range of dapps. You can find a full list of Bitcoin Cash dapps supporting WalletConnect on Tokenaut.cash.

tip

The specification is called 'wc2-bch-bcr' and has extra discussion and info on the BCH research forum.

signTransaction Interface

Most relevant for smart contract usage is the BCH-WalletConnect signTransaction interface.

This is a most generic interface to propose a bitcoincash transaction to a wallet which reconstructs it and signs it on behalf of the wallet user.

signTransaction: (
  options: {
    transaction: string | TransactionBCH,
    sourceOutputs: (Input | Output | ContractInfo)[],
    broadcast?: boolean,
    userPrompt?: string
  }
) => Promise<{ signedTransaction: string, signedTransactionHash: string } | undefined>;

You can see that the CashScript ContractInfo needs to be provided as part of the sourceOutputs. Important to note from the spec is how the wallet knows which inputs to sign:

To signal that the wallet needs to sign an input, the app sets the corresponding input's unlockingBytecode to empty Uint8Array.

Also important for smart contract usage is how the wallet adds the public-key or a signature to contract inputs:

We signal the use of pubkeys by using a 33-byte long zero-filled arrays and schnorr (the currently supported type) signatures by using a 65-byte long zero-filled arrays. Wallet detects these patterns and replaces them accordingly.

Create wcTransactionObj

To use the BCH WalletConnect signTransaction API, we need to pass an options object which we'll call wcTransactionObj.

Below we'll give 2 example, the first example using spending a user-input and in the second example spending from a user-contract with the userPubKey and the userSig

Spending a user-input

Below is example code from the CreateContract code of the 'Hodl Vault' dapp repository, link to source code.

import { Contract } from "cashscript";
import { hexToBin, decodeTransaction } from "@bitauth/libauth";

async function proposeWcTransaction(){
  // create a placeholderUnlocker for the empty signature
  const placeholderUnlocker: Unlocker = {
    generateLockingBytecode: () => convertPkhToLockingBytecode(userPkh),
    generateUnlockingBytecode: () => Uint8Array.from(Array(0))
  }

  // use the CashScript SDK to build a transaction
  const transactionBuilder = new TransactionBuilder({provider: store.provider})
  transactionBuilder.addInputs(userInputUtxos, placeholderUnlocker)
  transactionBuilder.addOpReturnOutput(opreturnData)
  transactionBuilder.addOutput(contractOutput)
  if(changeAmount > 550n) transactionBuilder.addOutput(changeOutput)

  const unsignedRawTransactionHex = await transactionBuilder.build();

  const decodedTransaction = decodeTransaction(hexToBin(unsignedRawTransactionHex));
  if(typeof decodedTransaction == "string") throw new Error("!decodedTransaction")

  // construct SourceOutputs from transaction input, see source code
  const sourceOutputs = generateSourceOutputs(transactionBuilder.inputs)

  // we don't need to add the contractInfo to the wcSourceOutputs here  
  const wcSourceOutputs = sourceOutputs.map((sourceOutput, index) => {
    return { ...sourceOutput, ...decodedTransaction.inputs[index] }
  })

  // wcTransactionObj to pass to signTransaction endpoint
  const wcTransactionObj = {
    transaction: decodedTransaction,
    sourceOutputs: listSourceOutputs,
    broadcast: true,
    userPrompt: "Create HODL Contract"
  };

  // pass wcTransactionObj to WalletConnect client
  const signResult = await signWcTransaction(wcTransactionObj);

  // Handle signResult success / failure
}

Spending from a user-contract

Below is example code from the unlockHodlVault code of the 'Hodl Vault' dapp repository, link to source code.

import { Contract } from "cashscript";
import { hexToBin, decodeTransaction } from "@bitauth/libauth";

async function unlockHodlVault(){
  // create a placeholdes for the unlocking arguments
  const placeholderSig = Uint8Array.from(Array(65))
  const placeholderPubKey = Uint8Array.from(Array(33));

  const transactionBuilder = new TransactionBuilder({provider: store.provider})

  transactionBuilder.setLocktime(store.currentBlockHeight)
  transactionBuilder.addInputs(contractUtxos, hodlContract.unlock.spend(placeholderPubKey, placeholderSig))
  transactionBuilder.addOutput(reclaimOutput)

  const unsignedRawTransactionHex = transactionBuilder.build();

  const decodedTransaction = decodeTransaction(hexToBin(unsignedRawTransactionHex));
  if(typeof decodedTransaction == "string") throw new Error("!decodedTransaction")

  const sourceOutputs = generateSourceOutputs(transactionBuilder.inputs)

  // Add the contractInfo to the wcSourceOutputs
  const wcSourceOutputs: wcSourceOutputs = sourceOutputs.map((sourceOutput, index) => {
    const contractInfoWc = createWcContractObj(hodlContract, index)
    return { ...sourceOutput, ...contractInfoWc, ...decodedTransaction.inputs[index] }
  })

  const wcTransactionObj = {
    transaction: decodedTransaction,
    sourceOutputs: wcSourceOutputs,
    broadcast: true,
    userPrompt: "Reclaim HODL Value",
  };

  // pass wcTransactionObj to WalletConnect client
  const signResult = await signWcTransaction(wcTransactionObj);

  // Handle signResult success / failure
}

signTransaction Wallet interaction

To communicate the wcTransactionObj with the user's Wallet we use the @walletconnect/sign-client library to request the connected user's wallet to sign the transaction.

See the source code for how to initialize the signClient and for details about the connectedChain and session.

import SignClient from '@walletconnect/sign-client';
import { stringify } from "@bitauth/libauth";

interface signedTxObject {
  signedTransaction: string;
  signedTransactionHash: string;
}

async function signWcTransaction(wcTransactionObj): signedTxObject | undefined {
  try {
    const result = await signClient.request({
      chainId: connectedChain,
      topic: session.topic,
      request: {
        method: "bch_signTransaction",
        params: JSON.parse(stringify(wcTransactionObj)),
      },
    });
    return result;
  } catch (error) {
    return undefined;
  }
}